Safety and Security

Please review the Department of State’s Travel Warning for Mexico, which provides updated and detailed information about security issues affecting the country on a state-by-state basis.  Millions of U.S. citizens visit Mexico safely each year.  However, crime and violence affect many parts of the country, urban and rural.  Remain alert and be aware of your surroundings at all times, particularly when visiting areas identified in the Travel Warning with special advisories.  In its efforts to combat violence, the Mexican government has deployed federal police and military troops to various parts of the country.  Government checkpoints, often staffed by military personnel, have been erected in many parts of the country, especially, but not exclusively, near the border.  U.S. citizens are advised to cooperate with personnel at government checkpoints when traveling on Mexican highways. 

To stay connected:

• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program so we can keep you up to date with important safety and security announcements.
• Follow the Bureau of Consular Affairs on Twitter and Facebook.
• Bookmark the Bureau of Consular Affairs website, which contains the current Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts as well as the Worldwide Caution.
• Follow the U.S. Embassy in Mexico on Twitter and visiting the Embassy’s website.
• In the event of an emergency, contact us at 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the United States and Canada, or via a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries.
• ·         Take some time before traveling to consider your personal security and checking for useful tips for traveling safely abroad.

Demonstrations: Demonstrations are common and occur in all parts of the country.  Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and escalate into violence.  Protesters in Mexico may block traffic on roads, including major thoroughfares, or take control of toll booths on highways.  U.S. citizens are urged to avoid areas of demonstrations, and to exercise caution if in the vicinity of any protests.  Travelers who encounter protesters demanding unofficial tolls are generally allowed to pass upon payment.  Travelers are urged not to exit from major highways.  U.S. citizens should avoid participating in demonstrations and other activities that might be deemed political by the authorities as the Mexican Constitution prohibits political activities by foreigners; such actions may result in detention and/or deportation.

CRIME: Crime in Mexico continues to occur at a high rate and can be violent.  Street crime, ranging from pick-pocketing to armed robbery, is a serious problem in most major cities.  Carjacking is also common (see the Travel Warning for Mexico for more specific information).  Rates of kidnappings and extortions in parts of Mexico have risen sharply in recent years, driven largely by violence associated with transnational criminal groups and increasingly smaller street gangs.  

The Mexican government makes a considerable effort to protect foreign visitors traveling to major tourist destinations.  As a result, resort areas and tourist destinations in Mexico generally do not see high levels of violence and crime.  Nevertheless, the security situation poses serious risks for anyone, including U.S. citizens.  U.S. citizen victims of crime in Mexico are encouraged to report incidents to the police and to the nearest U.S. consular office.

The Mexican government has taken significant steps to strengthen its law enforcement capabilities at the federal level.  However, state and local police forces continue to suffer from a lack of training and funding and are a weak deterrent to criminals, who are often armed with superior weapons.  In some areas, municipal police are widely suspected of colluding with organized criminal groups. In other areas, criminal organizations specifically target police officers.  Because of the dangerous situation in which police officers operate, all travelers are advised to take a non-threatening posture when interacting with police and to cooperate with police instructions.  We further advise travelers to avoid any areas where public security or law enforcement operations are being actively carried out.

Pirated Merchandise: Counterfeit and pirated goods are widely available in Mexico.  Their sale is largely controlled by organized crime.  Purchase for personal use is not criminalized in Mexico; however, bringing these goods back to the United States may result in forfeitures and/or fines.

Personal Property: Travelers should always leave valuables and irreplaceable items in a safe place, or avoid bringing them at all.  Visitors are encouraged to make use of hotel safes, avoid wearing expensive jewelry, clothing, or accessories, and carry only the cash or credit cards that will be needed on each outing.  There have been significant numbers of incidents of pick pocketing, purse snatching, and hotel-room theft.  Pickpocketing is common on public transportation.

Do not leave valuables in rental vehicles, even when locked. Some travelers have had their passports stolen from their bags at airports. Remember to safeguard your passport within a zipper pocket or other safe enclosure so that it cannot be easily removed from your person or your luggage.  Take steps to protect your passport even after passing through security and while waiting in a departure lounge to board your flight.

Business travelers should be aware that theft can occur even in seemingly secure locations.  Briefcases, laptops, and similar items are regularly stolen at Mexico City’s Benito Juarez International Airport and at business-class hotels.  Passengers arriving at Mexican airports who need pesos should use the exchange counters or Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) in the arrival/departure gate area, where access is restricted, rather than changing money after passing through customs, where they can be observed by criminals.  A number of U.S. citizens have been arrested for using counterfeit currency they had earlier received as change. If you receive what you believe to be a counterfeit bank note, bring it to the attention of Mexican law enforcement.

Personal Safety: Visitors should be aware of their surroundings at all times, even when in areas generally considered safe, and should exercise caution, particularly at night. Women traveling alone are especially vulnerable. Some U.S. citizens have reported being sexually assaulted, robbed of personal property, or abducted and then held hostage while their credit cards were used at various businesses or ATMs.  Individuals who have been targeted were often walking alone in isolated locations.  Be very cautious in general when using ATMs in Mexico. If you must use an ATM, it should be accessed only during the business day at large protected facilities (preferably inside commercial establishments, rather than at glass-enclosed, highly visible ATMs on streets). Travelers to remote areas should be aware that they may be far away from appropriate medical services, banking facilities (such as ATMs), and law enforcement or consular assistance in an emergency.

Kidnapping: The number of kidnappings reported throughout Mexico is of particular concern.  Both local and expatriate communities have been victimized.  Mexican government statistics indicate that kidnappings increased 20 percent in 2013 compared to 2012.  Another study indicated that in 2013, only 1,698 kidnappings – out of an estimated 131,946 – were reported to police, who have been implicated in some of these incidents.  One hundred fifty kidnappings of U.S. citizens were reported to the U.S. Embassy and consulates in Mexico in 2014. 

While kidnappings can occur anywhere, the states with the highest numbers of overall kidnappings reported in 2013 were Tamaulipas, Guerrero, Michoacán, Mexico State, and Morelos.  The state of Tamaulipas is of particular concern for kidnappings. Public and private passenger buses traveling through Tamaulipas are sometimes targeted by organized criminal groups.  These groups sometimes take all passengers hostage and demand ransom payments.  On other occasions these groups single out passengers who are removed from buses and held for ransom.

U.S. citizens are encouraged to lower their personal profiles and to avoid displaying indicators of wealth such as expensive or expensive-looking jewelry, watches, or cameras. U.S. citizens are encouraged to maintain awareness of their surroundings and avoid situations in which they may be isolated or stand out as potential victims.

Kidnappings in Mexico have included traditional, "express," and "virtual" kidnappings.  Victims of traditional kidnappings are physically abducted and held captive until a ransom is paid for their release.  "Express" kidnappings are those in which a victim is abducted for a short time and forced to withdraw money, usually from an ATM, then released.  A "virtual" kidnapping is an extortion by deception scheme wherein a victim is contacted by phone and convinced to isolate themselves from family and friends until a ransom is paid.  The victim is coerced (by threat of violence) to remain isolated and to provide phone numbers for the victim's family or loved ones.  The victim's family is then contacted and a ransom for the "kidnapped" extracted.  Recently, some travelers to Mexico staying at hotels as guests have been targets of such "virtual" kidnapping schemes.

Casinos, sportsbooks, or other gambling establishments and adult entertainment establishments are of particular safety concern.  U.S. government personnel are specifically prohibited from patronizing these establishments in the states of Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Colima, and Nayarit.

Credit/Debit Card "Skimming": Exercise caution when using credit or debit cards.  There have been reports of instances in which U.S. citizens in Mexico have had their card numbers “skimmed” and the money in their debit accounts stolen or their credit cards fraudulently charged.  (“Skimming” is the theft of credit card information by an employee of a legitimate merchant or bank manually copying down numbers, using a magnetic stripe reader, or using a camera and skimmer installed in an ATM.)  The risk of physical theft of credit or debit cards also exists.  To prevent such theft, the Embassy recommends that travelers keep close track of their personal belongings and that they only carry what they need.  Most restaurants and other businesses will bring the credit card machine to your table so that you can keep the card in your possession at all times.  If travelers choose to use credit cards, they should regularly check their account status to ensure there are no unauthorized transactions.

Buses and Public Transportation: Whenever possible, visitors should travel by bus only during daylight hours and only by first-class conveyance.  Although there have been several reports of bus hijackings and robberies on toll roads, buses on toll roads have experienced a markedly lower rate of incidents than (second- and third-class) buses that travel the less secure "free" highways.  Although the police have made progress in bringing this type of crime under control, armed robberies of busses still occur, including armed robberies of local commuter buses traveling within Mexico City and to tourist sites such as the pyramids of Teotihuacan.  Metro (subway) robberies are frequent in Mexico City, especially during peak travel times.  If riding the metro or the city bus system, U.S. citizens should take extreme care with valuables and belongings.

Taxis: Robberies and assaults on passengers in taxis not affiliated with a taxi stand (“libre taxis”) are frequent and can be violent, with passengers subjected to beating, shooting, and sexual assault.  U.S. citizens visiting Mexico should avoid taking any taxi not summoned by telephone or contacted in advance, including “libre” and Volkswagen beetle taxis.  When in need of a taxi, telephone a radio taxi or "sitio" (regulated taxi stand – pronounced "C-T-O"), and ask the dispatcher for the driver's name and the taxi's license plate number.  Ask the hotel concierge or other responsible individual to write down the license plate number of the cab you are taking.

U.S. Embassy employees in Mexico City are prohibited from using “libre” taxis, or any taxis hailed on the street, and are authorized to use only “sitio” taxis.  Passengers arriving at any airport in Mexico should take only authorized airport taxis after pre-paying the fare at one of the special booths located and well publicized inside the airport.

Harassment/Extortion: In some instances, U.S. citizens have become victims of harassment, mistreatment, and extortion by alleged Mexican law enforcement, immigration and other officials.  Mexican authorities have cooperated in investigating such cases, but one must have the officer's name, badge number, and patrol car number to pursue a complaint effectively.  Please note this information if you have a problem with police or other officials.  In addition, tourists should be wary of persons representing themselves as police officers or immigration or other officials.  When in doubt, ask for identification.  Be aware that offering a bribe to a public official to avoid a ticket or other penalty is a crime in Mexico.

One extortion technique, known as the “grandparent scam”, involves calls placed by persons alleging to be attorneys or government employees claiming that a person’s relative – nearly always a purported grandchild – has been in a car accident in Mexico and has been arrested/detained.  The caller asks for a large sum of money to ensure the subject’s release.  When the recipient of the call checks on their family member, they discover that the entire story is false.  If the alleged detainee cannot be located in the U.S. and the family has reason to believe that the person did, in fact, travel to Mexico, contact the U.S. Embassy or nearest U.S. Consulate for assistance in determining if they have been detained by authorities.  Further information on international financial scams is available on our website.  Beware of possible scams involving inflated prices for tourist-related goods and services, and avoid patronizing restaurants and other service providers that do not have clearly listed prices.  You should check with your hotel for the names of reputable establishments and service providers in the area.  When using credit cards for payment you should try to maintain direct visibility of the person swiping the card in the machine to protect against credit card skimming.

Sexual Assault: Rape and sexual assault continue to be serious problems in resort and other areas.  Many of these incidents occur at night or during the early morning hours, in hotel rooms, or on deserted beaches.  Acquaintance rape is a serious problem.  Hotel workers, taxi drivers, and security personnel have been implicated in many cases.  Women should avoid being alone, particularly in isolated areas and at night.  It is imperative that victims file a police report, which should include a “rape kit” exam, against the perpetrator(s) as soon as possible at the nearest police station.  There have been several cases where the victim traveled back to the U.S. without filing a police report or undergoing a rape exam; their attempts to document their case later on lacked credibility with local Mexican authorities.

There have been instances of contamination or drugging of drinks to gain control over the patron.

See the information under "Special Circumstances" below regarding Spring Break in Mexico if you are considering visiting Mexican resort areas between February and April, when thousands of U.S. college students traditionally arrive in those areas.  Additional information designed specifically for traveling students is also available on our Students Abroad website.

Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico: Mexican criminal organizations are engaged in a violent struggle to control trafficking routes and other criminal activity including kidnappings and extortion.  Recent attacks and persistent security concerns have prompted the Department of State to urge U.S. citizens to defer nonessential travel to certain parts of Mexico and to advise U.S. citizens residing or traveling in those areas to exercise extreme caution.  For updated and more detailed information on these areas and the threats involved, please refer to the Travel Warning for Mexico.

Criminal organizations have occasionally targeted unsuspecting individuals, who cross the border on a regular and predictable basis traveling between known destinations, as a way to smuggle drugs to the United States.  They affix drugs to the undercarriage of the traveler’s car while it is parked in Mexico. Once in the United States, members of the organization remove the packages while the vehicle is unattended.  If you are a frequent border crosser, you should vary your routes and travel times as well as closely monitor your vehicle to avoid being targeted.

VICTIMS OF CRIME: If you or someone you know becomes the victim of a crime in Mexico, you should contact the local police to file a Mexican police report.  You should also inform the nearest U.S. embassy, consulate or consular agency (see the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates).  Do not rely on hotel/restaurant/tour company management to file a police report for you.  The U.S. Embassy or Consulate cannot file a police report on your behalf, but we can:

• Replace a stolen passport.  The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or consulate.
• Help you find appropriate medical care if you are the victim of violent crimes such as assault or rape.
• Put you in contact with the appropriate police authorities, and if you want us to, contact family members or friends.
• Help you understand the local criminal justice process and direct you to local attorneys, although it is important to remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting the crime.  Under the best of circumstances, prosecution is very difficult (a fact some assailants appear to exploit knowingly), but no criminal investigation is possible without a formal complaint made directly to Mexican authorities. 

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in Mexico is “066”. Although there may be English-speaking operators available, to avoid delay it is best to seek the assistance of a Spanish speaker to place the call.

Please see our information on Victims of Crime, including possible victim compensation programs in the United States.