European nations tighten student visas amid policy shifts
European countries are reshaping international education through stricter visa policies, higher tuition fees, and changing enrollment rules. The Netherlands recorded its first decline in international students following policy restrictions, while France increased proof-of-funds requirements by 43% and Flanders is reducing subsidies for non-EU enrollments. Universities are adapting by forming deeper partnerships and emphasizing employment outcomes as key differentiators in a more competitive global landscape.